Army Reserve and National Guard are distinct in several ways. The National Guard are subordinate to the state governor while the Army Reserve are subordinate to the President of the United States. There are a number of organizational, mission, and training differences but one of the most widely understood differences is that the Guard responds to local disasters and the Reserve does not. This may now have changed.
Section 515 of the NDAA 2012 adds a new paragraph under Title 10, USC 12304 to grant access to the Title 10 Reserve, including the Army Reserver, for disaster response operations, a mission previously limited to National Guard units. The Governor must prove that he has employed available guard units before he is able to utilize local Army Reserve forces but it is now, legally speaking, possible to circumvent the posse cometatus limitations on Title 10 Reserve forces to aid in domestic disaster relief efforts.
Army Reserve
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